Electro-Mechanical Whole-Heart Digital Twins: A Fully Coupled Multi-Physics Approach

Mathematical models of the human heart are evolving to become a cornerstone precision medicine and support clinical decision making by providing powerful tool understand mechanisms underlying pathophysiological conditions. In this study, we present detailed mathematical description fully coupled multi-scale model heart, including electrophysiology, mechanics, closed-loop circulation. State-of-the-art based on physiology used describe membrane kinetics, excitation-contraction coupling active tension generation in atria ventricles. Furthermore, highlight ways adapt framework patient specific measurements build digital twins. The validity is demonstrated through simulations personalized whole geometry magnetic resonance imaging data healthy volunteer. Additionally, was employed evaluate effects typical atrial ablation scar cardiovascular system. With work, provide an adaptable that allows comprehensive personalization from ion channels organ level enabling twin modeling.